Bioavailability
Fraction of an administered dose that reaches systemic circulation in unchanged form.
For laboratory and research use only — not for human consumption.
Bioavailability is reported as a percentage; intravenous administration is the 100% reference. Most peptides have very low oral bioavailability because of gastric and pancreatic peptidase degradation. Common research strategies to overcome this include nanoparticle encapsulation (used in KPV colitis research), enteric coating, modification to peptidase-resistant analogues, or alternative routes (intranasal, subcutaneous, topical). Reported pre-clinical activity after oral gavage does not always mean meaningful systemic exposure — it may reflect local action in the gastrointestinal tract.