VEGF
Vascular endothelial growth factor — signals new blood-vessel formation.
For laboratory and research use only — not for human consumption.
VEGF is a family of secreted glycoproteins (VEGF-A through VEGF-D, plus placental growth factor) that drive angiogenesis through binding to receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. VEGF-A is the principal angiogenic ligand in wound healing. BPC-157 is reported to upregulate VEGFR2 expression and downstream Akt-eNOS signalling; thymosin beta-4 upregulates VEGF through laminin-5 and angiopoietin-2 pathways. Quantitative VEGF expression by ELISA, immunohistochemistry, or qPCR is a routine endpoint in healing-peptide pre-clinical studies.